LibGuides: Emerging AI Tools for Literature Review: Citing GenAI

Use of GenAI in Scholarly Publishing

Academic publishers are increasingly providing guidance on the proper acknowledgment, authorship, originality, and accountability practices for integrating GenAI into scholarly writing. Some common guidelines include:

Authorship: Authors should not list AI or GenAI tools (such as ChatGPT) as an author or co-author.
Disclosure: Authors should clearly state the use of AI or GenAI in research and published works.
- Suggested sections to declare: Methods or Acknowledgements
- A suggested format from Elsevier:

During the preparation of this work the author(s) used [NAME TOOL / SERVICE] in order to [REASON]. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication.

Attribution: Besides disclosure, authors should also properly cite AI-generated content in works. Although there are no standard guidelines for referencing GenAI tools, a common practice is to cite it as "Software" or "Personal communication" (see more on the right).
Responsibility: Authors are fully responsible for the accuracy and integrity of AI-generated content.

Publisher's Policy on GenAI

Springer Nature - Artificial Intelligence (AI) on AI Authorship and Generative AI Images
Elsevier - Duties of Authors: The use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in scientific writing
IEEE - Guidelines for Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Generated Text
Wiley - Artificial Intelligence Generated Content
Science - Image and Text Integrity of Artificial intelligence (AI)
Cambridge University Press - AI Contributions to Research Content
CORE Position Statement on Authorship and AI Tools (13 Feb 2023)

Citing AI Generated Content

At present, most citation styles do not have specific guidelines for referencing ChatGPT or other GenAI tools. The following are some available guidelines or recommendations from a few citation styles.

APA style

How to cite ChatGPT - APA Style Blog (updated on Feb 23, 2024)

Suggested practices:

1. Quoting or reproducing the text created by ChatGPT (or other AI models)

cite the content as software or algorithm's output (rather than personal communication as there's no actual person communicating)

Example

Conversation with an AI model

Quote & In-text citation

"ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, focuses on generating human-like text based on extensive internet-trained data, while Claude, developed by Anthropic, emphasizes safety and alignment through constitutional AI principles, aiming to reduce harmful outputs by adhering to a set of predefined ethical guidelines." (OpenAI, 2024)

Reference

OpenAI. (2024). GPT-4o [Large language model]. https://poe.com/GPT-4o

describe how you used ChatGPT or other AI models in the Method or Introduction of your work
include the prompt used and any relevant generated text in your paper
for long responses, consider including them in an appendix

2. Creating a reference to ChatGPT or other AI models and software

cite the model or tool as software

More examples

Anthropic. (2024). Claude-3.5-Sonnet [Large language model]. https://poe.com/Claude-3.5-Sonnet

Perplexity. (2024). Perplexity.ai [Large language model]. https://www.perplexity.ai/

OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat

IEEE style

According to the IEEE Submission and Peer Review Policies -> Guidelines for Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Generated Text

"The use of content generated by artificial intelligence (AI) in an article (including but not limited to text, figures, images, and code) shall be disclosed in the acknowledgments section of any article submitted to an IEEE publication. The AI system used shall be identified, and specific sections of the article that use AI-generated content shall be identified and accompanied by a brief explanation regarding the level at which the AI system was used to generate the content.

The use of AI systems for editing and grammar enhancement is common practice and, as such, is generally outside the intent of the above policy. In this case, disclosure as noted above is recommended."

We suggest referring to AI-generated content as Software in IEEE style.

Basic format for Software:
Title of Software: (version or year), Publisher Name. Accessed: Date (when applicable). [Type of Medium]. Available: URL

Example:
[1] ChatGPT (2023), OpenAI. Accessed Aug 2, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://chat.openai.com/

MLA style

How do I cite Generative AI in MLA Style? - MLA blog (March 17, 2023)

Chicago style

Recommendations for Citing ChatGPT & other tools - Chicago Style Blog