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LANG 2070 - English Communication for Humanities and Social Science Studies I: Cite in APA

How to Cite?

Different subject disciplines use different citation styles.  APA (American Psychological Association) style is common in many subjects outside of psychology.

By learning to follow one specific style, you will learn methods that will help if you ever have to follow other styles (such as MLA, Chicago, Harvard, etc.).

Watch the video and use the guides listed below

How to Cite APA Style - HKUST Library Guide (very detailed!)

Citation Guide - APA style  from Hong Kong Baptist University Library.

APA Style Blog - from the American Psychological Association

 

 

 

"Bibliographic Management tools" can also help you with managing the references  you collect and making citations.

A very simple and easy online tool is Zbib: https://zbib.org/

Here is also a list of helpful tools, some of them a bit complex, but very powerful.

Basics of APA Style

In-Text Reference

  • If the author can be identified, write the author's surname (family name, last name) and publication year in brackets:
      ... In 2001, 52.8% of the water  in China's river syetms was Grade 5 (toxic) or worse, while only 1.5% was Grade 1  (Wahl, 2004), ...
     
  • If the author can't be identified, write the first few words of the article title and the year, use double quotation marks around the title:
        The financial crisis of 2009, combined with drought left some migrants with no place to go ("The rainman comes," 2009)...

End-of-paper References

 

  • Include all sources you have cited (make in-text reference to) in your paper
     
  • General format:
                          Author surname, Initials. (Year). Article title. Magazine title, volume no. (issue no.), page range.

                          Author surname, Initials. (Year). Article title. Newspaper title, page number.
     
    If the author can't be identified, article title will come first. 
     
    Precede page numbers for newspaper articles with p. or pp.
     
  • Sources should be listed in alphabetical order
     
  • Examples:

References

The rainman comes. (2009). The Economist, 390(8618), 53.

Wahl, A (2004). The thirsty land. Canadian Business, (77)22, 28-36.

Wilmsen, B., Webber, M., Duan, Y. (2011). Development for whom? Rural to urban resettlement at the Three Gorges Dam. Asian Studies Review, (35)1, 21-42.

 

 

 

 

In-text Citation Made Easy!

Citing AI in APA style

APA style

Guideline from APA:

Suggested practices:

1. Cite AI-generated text
  • cite the content as software or algorithm's output (rather than personal communication as there's no actual person communicating)
  • describe how you used ChatGPT or other AI models in the Method or Introduction of your work
  • include the prompt used and any relevant generated text in your paper
  • for long responses, consider including them in an appendix


Example:

Conversation with an AI model In-text citation & Reference list

 

In-text citation

"ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, focuses on generating human-like text based on extensive internet-trained data, while Claude, developed by Anthropic, emphasizes safety and alignment through constitutional AI principles, aiming to reduce harmful outputs by adhering to a set of predefined ethical guidelines." (OpenAI, 2024)

Reference list

OpenAI. (2024). GPT-4o [Large language model]. https://poe.com/GPT-4o

 

2. Cite AI model (e.g. ChatGPT, Claude)
  • cite the model or tool as software


Examples:

Reference list

OpenAI. (2024). GPT-4o [Large language model]. https://poe.com/GPT-4o

Anthropic. (2024). Claude-3.5-Sonnet [Large language model]. https://poe.com/Claude-3.5-Sonnet

Perplexity. (2024). Perplexity.ai [Large language model]. https://www.perplexity.ai/

OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat
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