[Private] LABU 2052 - Business Case Analyses II: APA

Why do I need to cite sources I have consulted when writing the project report (other than it is required by the instructors)?

1. To give credit to the person who originally had the idea or information.
2. To provide credibility: X is a highly regarded scholar, if I show that X supports the point I am making, it will make my arguments or opinions more convincing.
3. To allow your readers to follow up the information or ideas.
4. To embody processes in the sciences.
5. To show that you are honest and full of integrity
   
    

Note: You need to cite sources in your writing if you use someone else's ideas, data, methodologies, illustrations, etc.; it does not matter what format they are in.

If, for example, you want to cite this article in your paper to support your argument, you should:

1. Make an in-text reference within your writing:
   Making censorship the filter would signal a fundamental change in the role that the Government plays (Grayson, 2010), ...
    
2. Include complete details about the article in the references section at the end of your paper: Grayson, D. (2010). Corporate responsibility and the media. Economics, Management and Financial Markets,5(3), 160-193.

Citation Styles

• There are several common citation styles (standard formats for listing references). Style varies across disciplines. Ask your instructor which style s/he prefers.
   
• In general, references of periodical articles should have these elements:

• Author(s) - who wrote it
• Title - what the article is called
• Source - title of the periodical or larger work it appeared in
• Volume & Issue numbers
• Publication date
• Page numbers

This guide will focus on how to make references in APA (American Psychological Association) style.

In-Text Reference

• If the author can be identified, write the author's surname (family name, last name) and publication year in brackets:
    ...Internet censorship creates (Trunk, 2007), ...
   
• If the author can't be identified, write the first few words of the article title and the year, use double quotation marks around the title:
    ... work-life balance ("Finance and economics: when greed," 2007)...

End-of-paper References

• Include all sources you have cited (make in-text reference to) in your paper
   
• General format:
  Author surname, Initials. (Year). Article title. Magazine title, volume no. (issue no.), page range.
  
  Author surname, Initials. (Year). Article title. Newspaper title, page number.
   
  If the author can't be identified, article title will come first. 
   
  Precede page numbers for newspaper articles with p. or pp.
   
• Sources should be listed in alphabetical order
   
• Examples:

References Finance and economics: when greed is bad; insider trading. (2007, May 12). The Economist, 383(8528), 82.  Grayson, D. (2010). Corporate responsibility and the media . Economics, Management and Financial Markets,      5(3),160-193. House takes its turn on Internet censorship. (1995, Sep 12). New York Times, pp.A.22-A.22. Jacobs, A. (2011, Mar 02). China puts some places off limits to journalists. New York Times, pp. A.4-A.4.      Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/854360171?accountid=29018

Book

Yang, G. (2010). An insight into insider trading in greater China. Baltimore, Maryland: University of Maryland School of Law.

In text reference = (Yang, 2010)

Article or Chapter in a Book

Potter, J. M. (1978). Cantonese shamanism. In A. Wolf (Ed.), Studies in Chinese societies (pp. 321-345). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

In-text reference=  (Potter, 1978)

Article from an online encyclopedia

Insider trading. (2007). In Harriman's Financial Dictionary: Over 2,600 Essential Financial Terms. Retrieved from http://library.books24x7.com.

In-text reference=  (Insider, 2007)

Journal Article  - 1 author

Moore, R. L. (2005). Generation Ku: Individualism and China's millennial youth. Ethnology, 44(4), 357-376.

In-text reference = (Moore, 2005)

E-Journal Article – 2 authors & d.o.i.

Cheung, R., & Arnold, J. (2010). Antecedents of career exploration among Hong Kong Chinese university students: Testing contextual and developmental variables. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76(1), 25-36. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2009.05.006

In-text reference= (Cheung & Arnold, 2010)

Newspaper Article on the Web – author unknown

Gen-Y ‘lazy but creative’. (2011, May 27). The Standard. Retrieved from http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=30&art_id=111483&sid=32523226&con_type=1

In-text reference = (“Gen Y ‘lazy’,” 2011)

General Webpage – author unknown

Generation  Y. (2011, November 2). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation_Y

In-text Reference = ("Generation Y," 2011)

Data  & Data Sets

Lee, N. Y. (2006). Assessing happiness and competitiveness of world major metropolises (2011-08-04. ed.). Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor]. doi:10.3886/ICPSR27901.v1

In-text reference (Lee, 2006)

Euromonitor International. (2014). India - home consumer appliances- market sizes, by units, 2008-2013. [Excel]. Retrieved from http://www.portal.euromonitor.com/Portal/Pages/Magazine/IndustryPage.aspx

In-text reference (Euromonitor, 2014)

N.B. If you are citing the same datasource for the same year, alphabetize them and  then in the date section, put down a, b, c, etc.

For example: Euromonitor International. (2014b). India - Home consumer appliances- Brand share, by percentages, 2008-2013. [Excel]. Retrieved from http://www.portal.euromonitor.com/Portal/Pages/Magazine/IndustryPage.aspx

In-text reference (Euromonitor, 2014b)

Government Report on the Web

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Central Policy Unit. (2010). Social attitudes of the youth population in Hong Kong. Retrieved from http://www.cpu.gov.hk/tc/documents/new/press/Social%attitudes%of%the%youth%population%in%HK.pdf

In-text Reference (“Social attitudes,” 2010)

Market Report

Euromonitor International. (2011, March 3). Argentinean consumers in 2020: a look into the future[Consumers in 2020]. Retrieved from Passport.

Euromonitor International. (n.d.). .). Alcohol drinks in Hong Kong [Industry Report]. Retrieved from Passport.

In-text Reference (Euromonitor International, 2011)

Video Clip from the Web

Zhang Xiao [Director]. (2010). China's post-80s generation, episode 1 [video]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9UYFb9c7coQ

In-text reference = (Zhang, 2010)

Writing Guides and Manuals provides links to tips and examples on other citation styles