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LANG 1409 - Academic English for Science Studies

Citation

LANG 1409 instructors require you to use IEEE citation style. 

As a science student, your LANG 1409 teachers want you to learn a Science Citation Style: IEEE style. This is a widely accepted style for writing research papers in engineering, computer science, and other technical fields. To better manage your citations, citation tools and citing AI content will be introduced below.

In the future, check with your instructors about your required citation style.

More tips are available from A Guide to Good Referencing Skills.

What is a citation?

Referencing is the practice of acknowledging original sources created by others, that you use in assignments, reports, and dissertations. These sources can range from ideas and quotes to facts, figures, and visuals. 

Watch a short video to learn what a citation is.

In brief, citations help you:

  • give credit to other's work and ideas (and avoid plagiarism)
  • show readers which ideas you have taken to build your own argument (so your arguments are not “empty claims”)
  • guide readers to track and examine the sources by themselves

Note: You need to cite sources in your writing even that you use someone else's ideas, data, methodologies, illustrations, etc; it does not matter what format they are in and whether they are copyrighted or freely accessible on the Web.

If you do not formally acknowledge the original source of others' work, you are in danger of committing "plagiarism".

Plagiarism occurs when a writer uses the words and/or ideas of others and does not provide the original source of the information. Penalties for plagiarism can include loss of marks, failing a subject or failing your course. 

Go to Avoid Plagiarism to learn more.


A citation style is a set of rules that determine how to format and organize references or citations in academic and professional writing.

Citation style varies across disciplines, and each style has its own unique set of rules for how to format in-text citations and reference lists. Ask your instructor which style s/he prefers.

Go to Citation Styles to learn more about commonly used styles.

Basic Rule to Cite

Complete referencing consists of two parts:
 

Referencing = In-text citation + Reference list

 

In-text citation Reference list
  • a brief mention of the source
  • appears within an essay
     
  • used to strengthen or support the writer's point
  • used to acknowledge the original source of words, information, or ideas
  • used when the words, information, or ideas are not our own.
  • a complete, alphabetical or ordered list of references
  • appears at the end of an essay
     
  • should include all materials consulted, even if not specifically referenced in the paper
  • may include various sources such as books, periodicals, encyclopedias, newspapers, government documents, teachers' notes, and interviews.
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